Simon found both the informal title "czar" and the Speer comparison unsettling. Nixon told his cabinet that Simon would have "absolute authority" in his designated areas, and compared the intended result to Albert Speer's role as the person in unquestioned charge of armaments for the Third Reich. Simon's appointment as the head of the Federal Energy Administration. The trend began again in earnest when President Richard Nixon created two offices whose heads became known as "czars" in the popular press: drug czar in 1971, and especially energy czar in December 1973 referring to William E. Since then, a number of ad hoc temporary as well as permanent United States Executive Branch positions have been established that have been referred to in this manner. Certain of Roosevelt's Cabinet secretaries were called "czars", despite having been duly confirmed by the Senate, at the point that their powers were increased by statute. Not only did the administration of President Roosevelt advocate their creation in December 1944, Republicans in Congress advocated that a "food czar" position be created that would have almost unlimited control over food pricing and distribution. In 1942, The Washington Post reported on the "executive orders creating new czars to control various aspects of our wartime economy." Positions were created for a transportation czar, a manpower czar, a production czar, a shipping czar, and a synthetic rubber czar, all to solve difficult problems in coordinating the resources necessary to fight World War II. In the United States, the term czar has been used by the media to refer to appointed executive branch officials since at least the 1930s and then the 1940s under President Franklin D. In 1926, a New York City chamber of commerce named what The New York Times termed a "czar" to clean up the milk delivery industry. was in reference to Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who was named commissioner of baseball, with broad powers to clean up the sport after it had been dirtied by the Black Sox scandal of 1919. One of the earliest known metaphorical usages of the term in the U.S. This position was sometimes dubbed the "industry czar". ĭuring the latter stages of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson appointed financier Bernard Baruch to run the War Industries Board. However, there was a "revolt" in the House which saw Cannon give up power, as well an overall decentralization of power within the House. This was a result of the power of the Speaker of the House during this time. The title was later adopted and used by the Serbian Empire and Tsardom of Russia.ĭuring the tenure of Joseph Gurney Cannon, he was sometimes referred to as Czar Cannon (a play on the giant cannon of the same name). The word czar is of Slavic origin, etymologically originating from the name Caesar, as with the word tsar, a title of sovereignty, first created and used by the First Bulgarian Empire. In the United Kingdom, the term is more loosely used to refer to high-profile appointments who devote their skills to one particular area. Specific instances of the term are often a media creation. Some appointees outside the executive branch are called czars as well. Some czars may require confirmation with Senate approval or not. In the United States, czars are generally executive branch officials appointed by the head of the executive branch (such as the president for the federal government, or the governor of a state). For the historical Slavic monarchs, see tsar.Ĭzar, sometimes spelled tsar, is an informal title used for certain high-level officials in the United States and United Kingdom, typically granted broad power to address a particular issue. This article is about the contemporary US and British political term.
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